Mental health and social protection of children during times of crisis: The case of the COVID-19 pandemic

Rafael Nicolau Carvalho; Antonia Picornell-Lucas

doi:10.31211/rpics.2022.8.2.264

Autores

Rafael Nicolau Carvalho Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Serviço Social, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Artes, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-6071
Antonia Picornell-Lucas Universidade de Salamanca, Departamento de Direito do Trabalho e Serviço Social, Espanha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-6666

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2022.8.2.264

Palavras-chave:

Saúde mental, Proteção social, Crise, COVID-19, Bem-estar infantil

Resumo

Contexto: Crianças e adolescentes têm sido vítimas silenciosas durante os períodos de crise mundiais. Nas últimas décadas, desenvolveu-se uma discussão mundial para incluir saúde, educação, proteção social, moradia, alimentação, convivência saudável e participação como direitos numa agenda global e consolidar os direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes. O mundo vive a pandemia de COVID-19, que tem sido considerada uma das maiores crises da humanidade, com repercussões em todo o complexo da vida social. Crianças e adolescentes parecem ser os mais afetados pelos efeitos sinérgicos dessa pandemia, com evidências de aumento dos problemas de saúde mental, abuso, violência e outras formas de violação de seus direitos. Objetivo: este artigo discute estratégias de cuidado a partir de ações articuladas e coordenadas entre sistemas de proteção social que incluem serviços de saúde mental. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura na plataforma Scopus durante o início da pandemia COVID-19 em 2020. Naquele momento, muitas organizações apontaram para o impacto da pandemia na saúde mental das crianças e os desafios para os sistemas de proteção social. Por isso, buscamos capturar esse momento por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura para identificar as experiências em outras situações de crise sanitária e o que poderia ser feito. Desta revisão, extraímos categorias analíticas para desenvolver um guia de recomendações que pudesse ser utilizado para melhorar os sistemas de proteção social de crianças e adolescentes. Resultados: As análises sugeriram que os sistemas de proteção precisam desenvolver diferentes políticas sociais e planos de atenção à criança e ao adolescente durante a crise humanitária, que devem incluir ações de saúde mental e garantir seus direitos. Conclusão: Com base em nossas reflexões, desenvolvemos um guia de recomendações que podem ser adotados pelos governos para melhorar sua resposta às crianças durante um futuro pós-pandemia ou em outras situações de crise.

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