Propriedades psicométricas da versão Torga do Teste Stroop

Autores

  • Inês Queiroz Garcia Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
  • Inês Amaral Pessoa Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
  • Bárbara Monteiro Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4706-1914
  • Fernanda Daniel Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Psicossocial do Instituto Superior Miguel Torga (CCIPSO-ISMT); Centro de Estudos e Investigação em Saúde da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-1123
  • Laura Lemos Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Psicossocial do Instituto Superior Miguel Torga (CCIPSO-ISMT), Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9624-8312
  • Helena Espirito Santo Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Psicossocial do Instituto Superior Miguel Torga (CCIPSO-ISMT); Centro de Investigação em Neuropsicologia e Intervenção Cognitiva e Comportamental (CINEICC), Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-3754

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7342/ismt.rpics.2016.2.2.41

Palavras-chave:

Teste Stroop, Controlo Inibitório, Atenção, Flexibilidade cognitiva, Propriedades psicométricas

Resumo

Contexto e Objetivos: Uma nova versão portuguesa do teste Stroop é fundamental para a avaliação neuropsicológica.  A versão portuguesa prévia incluía cores que muitas pessoas não conseguiam distinguir. Assim, é objetivo descrever as propriedades psicométricas de uma nova versão, designada versão Torga do Teste Stroop, numa amostra da população portuguesa. Métodos: Inserida no projeto Estudos Normativos de Instrumentos Neuropsicológicos, esta investigação conta com uma amostra global constituída por 544 participantes (241 homens e 303 mulheres) com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 97 anos. A avaliação foi realizada com recurso à versão Torga do Teste Stroop, à Figura Complexa de Rey-Osterrieth e à Bateria de Avaliação Frontal enquanto instrumentos de avaliação das funções executivas. Resultados: A versão Torga do Teste Stroop revelou uma consistência interna muito boa (α de Cronbach = 0,99). Revelou também adequada estabilidade temporal e validade convergente. Conclusão: A versão Torga do Teste Stroop aparenta ser um instrumento apropriado à avaliação neuropsicológica de adultos portugueses.  Considerando a importância deste teste no contexto da avaliação neuropsicológica, incentivam-se estudos com novas amostras, incluindo amostras clínicas.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Alvarez, J. A., & Emory, E. (2006). Executive function and the frontal lobes: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology Review, 16(1), 17-42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Balota, D. A., Tse, C. S., Hutchison, K. A., Spieler, D. H., Duchek, J. M., & Morris, J. C. (2010). Predicting conversion to dementia of the Alzheimer’s type in a healthy control sample: The power of errors in Stroop Color Naming. Psychology and Aging, 25(1), 208-218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing Stroop performance in Schizophrenia. Neuropsychology, 18(3), 477-484. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121(1), 65-94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Bélanger, S., Belleville, S., & Gauthier, S. (2010). Inhibition impairments in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and healthy aging: Effect of congruency proportion in a Stroop task. Neuropsychologia, 48(2), 581-590. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Bonett, D. G. (2002). Sample size requirements for testing and estimating coefficient alpha. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 27(4), 335-340. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Buchner, A., Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., & Lang, A. G. (2014). G*Power 3 (Version 3.1.9.2 for Macintosh) (Computer software). Düsseldorf: Heinrich-Heine-Universität Dusseldorf. [Google Scholar] [URL]

Burgess, P. W., Alderman, N., Evans, J., Emslie, H., & Wilson, B. A. (1998). The ecological validity of tests of executive function. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4(6), 547-558. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Capovilla, A. G. S., Assef, E. C. S., & Cozza, H. F. P. (2007). Avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas e relação com desatenção e hiperatividade. Avaliação Psicológica, 6(1), 56-60. [Google Scholar] [Scielo]

Castro, S. L., Cunha, L. S., & Martins, L. (2000). Teste Stroop Neuropsicológico em Português. Porto: Laboratório de Fala da Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto. [Google Scholar] [URL]

Castro, S. L., Martins, L., & Cunha, L. (2003). Neuropsychological screening with a Portuguese Stroop Test. Poster session presented at the 111th AnnualConvention of the American Psychological Association (pp. 1-4). Toronto. [Google Scholar]

Chan, R. C. K., Shum, D., Toulopoulou, T., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2008). Assessment of executive functions: Review of instruments and identification of critical issues. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 23(2), 201-216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Chang, A. (2013). StatsToDo (Sample size for estimating a single alpha program) (online calculator). Brisbane, Queensland, Austrália. [Google Scholar] [URL]

Cohen, J. D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J. L. (1990). On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect. Psychological Review, 97(3), 332-361. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Dalby, R. B., Frandsen, J., Chakravarty, M. M., Ahdidan, J., Sørensen, L., Rosenberg, R., . . . Videbech, P. (2012). Correlations between Stroop task performance and white matter lesion measures in late-onset major depression. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 202(2), 142-149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Dalgalarrondo, P. (2008). Psicopatologia e semiologia dos transtornos mentais (2nd ed., pp. 102-108). Porto Alegre: Artmed. [Google Scholar]

Denney, D. R., & Lynch, S. G. (2009). The impact of multiple sclerosis on patients’ performance on the Stroop Test: processing speed versus interference. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15(3), 451-458. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Dubois, B., Slachevsky, A., Litvan, I., & Pillon, B. (2000). The FAB: A Frontal Assessment Battery at bedside. Neurology, 55(11), 1621-1626. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Epp, A. M., Dobson, K. S., Dozois, D. J. A., & Frewen, P. A. (2012). A systematic meta-analysis of the Stroop task in depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(4), 316-328. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Espirito-Santo, H., & Daniel, F. (2015). Calcular e apresentar tamanhos do efeito em trabalhos científicos (1): As limitações do p < 0,05 na análise de diferenças de médias de dois grupos - Folha de cálculo suplementar. Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social, 1(1), 3-16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Fisher, L. M., Freed, D. M., & Corkin, S. (1990). Stroop Color-Word Test performance in patients with Alzheimer´s disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12(5), 745-758. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Golden, C. J. (1978). The Stroop Color and Word Test: A manual for clinical and experimental uses. Chicago, IL: Stoelting. [Google Scholar]

Glisky, E. (2007). Changes in cognitive function in human aging. In D. R. Riddle (Ed.), Brain aging: Models, methods, and mechanisms. Boca Raton: CRC Press. [Google Scholar]

Gyurak, A., Goodkind, M. S., Madan, A., Kramer, J. H., Miller, B. L., & Levenson, R. W. (2009). Do tests of executive functioning predict ability to downregulate emotions spontaneously and when instructed to suppress? Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 9(2), 144-152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Hsieh, Y. H., Chen, K. J., Wang, C. C., & Lai, C. L. (2008). Cognitive and motor components of response speed in the Stroop Test in Parkinson’s disease patients. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 24(4), 197-203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Houx, P. J., Jolles, J., & Vreeling, F. W. (1993). Stroop Interference: Aging effects assessed with the Stroop Color-Word Test. Experimental Aging Research, 19(3), 209-224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Instituto Nacional de Estatística. (2014). Estatísticas Demográficas 2011. Lisboa: INE. [URL]

Kanne, S. M., Balota, D. A., Spieler, D. H., & Faust, M. E. (1998). Explorations of Cohen, Dunbar and McClelland´s (1990) connectionist model of Stroop performance. Psychological Review, 105(1), 174-187. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Kaplan, G. B., Sengör, N. S., Gürvit, H., & Güzelis, C. (2007). Modelling the Stroop effect: A connectionist approach. Neurocomputing, 70(7), 1414-1423. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Kaur, N., & Singh, K. (2013). Comparative review of color blindness in different ethnic populations. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2(36), 6977-6981. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Kim, H. Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52-54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Klein, M., Ponds, R. W., Houx, P. J., & Jolles, J. (1997). Effect of test duration on age-related differences in Stroop interference. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19(1), 77-82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Langenecker, S. A., Nielson, K. A., & Rao, S. M. (2004). fMRI of healthy older adults during Stroop interference. NeuroImage, 21(1), 192-200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Lansbergen, M. M., Kenemans, J. L., & van_Engeland, H. (2007). Stroop interference and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychology, 21(2), 251-262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Bigler, E. D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological assessment (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]

Lima, C. F., Meireles, L. P., Fonseca, R., Castro, S. L., & Garrett, C. (2008). The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) in Parkinson’s disease and correlations with formal measures of executive functioning. Journal of Neurology, 255(11), 1756-1761. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Logan, G. D., Cowan, W. B., & Davis, K. A. (1984). On the ability to inhibit simple and choice reaction time responses: A model and a method. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10(2), 276-291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

MacLeod, C. M. (2005). The Stroop task in cognitive research. In A. Wenzel & D. C. Rubin (Eds.), Cognitive methods and their application to clinical research (pp. 17-40). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. [Google Scholar]

Martin, N. J., & Franzen, M. D. (1989). The effect of anxiety on neuropsychological function. International Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 11(1), 1-8. [Google Scholar]

Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49-100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Moering, R. G., Schinka, J. A., Mortimer, J. A., & Graves, A. B. (2004). Normative data for elderly African Americans for the Stroop Color and Word Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19(1), 61-71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Muir, J. L. (1996). Attention and stimulus processing in the rat. Cognitive Brain Research, 3(3-4), 215-225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Nascimento, T. D. V. (2012). Impacto da atenção no funcionamento cognitivo de idosos (Master's thesis. [Google Scholar] [Handle]

Osterrieth, P. A. (1944). Le test de copie d’une figure complexe, contribution à l’étude de la perception et de la mémoire. Archives de Psychologie, 30, 206-356. [Google Scholar]

Pestana, M. H., & Gageiro, J. N. (2008). Análise de dados para ciências sociais - A complementaridade do SPSS (5th ed.). Lisboa: Edições Sílabo. [Google Scholar]

Spreen, O., & Strauss, E. (1998). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]

Sternberg, S. (1966). High-speed scanning in human memory. Science, 153(3736), 652-654. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Strauss, E., Sherman, E., & Spreen, O. (2006). A Compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]

Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Swerdlow, N. R., Filion, D., Geyer, M. A., & Braff, D. L. (1995). Normal” personality correlates of sensorimotor, cognitive, and visuospatial gating. Biological Psychiatry, 37(5), 286-299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Templeton, G. F. (2011). A two-step approach for transforming continuous variables to normal: Implications and recommendations for IS research (Vol. 28, Article 4). paper presented at the Communications of the Association for Information. [Google Scholar] [URL]

Treisman, A., & Fearnley, S. (1969). The Stroop test: Selective attention to colours and words. Nature, 222(5192), 437-439. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Trenerry, M. R., Crosson, B., DeBoe, J., & Leber, W. R. (1989). Stroop neuropsychological screening test manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources. [Google Scholar]

Troyer, A. K., Moscovitch, M., & Winocur, G. (1997). Clustering and switching as two components of verbal fluency: Evidence from younger and older healthy adults. Neuropsychology, 11(1), 138-146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Van Boxtel, M. P. J., ten Tusscher, M. P. M., Metsemakers, J. F. M., Willems, B., & Jolles, J. (2001). Visual determinants of reduced performance on the Stroop Color-Word Test in normal aging individuals. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 23(5), 620-627. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Vitkovitch, M., Bishop, S., Dancey, C., & Richards, A. (2002). Stroop interference and negative priming in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychologia, 40(9), 1570-1576. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Wyszecki, G., & Stiles, W. S. (1982). Color Science: Concepts and methods, quantitative data and formulae (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. [Google Scholar]

Zacks, R. T., & Hasher, L. (1994). Directed ignoring: Inhibitory regulation of working memory. In D. Dagenbach & T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (pp. 241-264). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. [Google Scholar]

Publicado

30-09-2016

Como Citar

Garcia, I. Q., Pessoa, I. A., Monteiro, B., Daniel, F., Lemos, L., & Espirito Santo, H. (2016). Propriedades psicométricas da versão Torga do Teste Stroop. Revista Portuguesa De Investigação Comportamental E Social, 2(2), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.7342/ismt.rpics.2016.2.2.41

Edição

Secção

Artigo Original