Psychosocial health of Roma communities experiencing poverty: A systematic review

Jóni Ledo; Henrique Pereira

doi:10.31211/rpics.2025.11.2.374

Autores

Jóni Ledo University of Beira Interior https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-0184
Henrique Pereira Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Research Center in Sport Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9448-682X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2025.11.2.374

Palavras-chave:

Bem-estar, Comunidade Roma/cigana, Estigma, Pobreza, Saúde Psicossocial, Revisão sistemática

Resumo

Contexto e Objetivo: As iniquidades em saúde psicossocial das comunidades Roma em situação de pobreza permanecem pouco sistematizadas. Esta revisão sistemática visou sintetizar e caracterizar resultados e necessidades em saúde psicossocial destas comunidades. Métodos: De acordo com as orientações PRISMA 2020, pesquisaram-se as bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science Core Collection (2011–2023) para identificar estudos quantitativos e qualitativos revistos por pares sobre saúde psicossocial em pessoas Roma em situação de pobreza. Os critérios de elegibilidade seguiram um enquadramento PICO modificado: População = comunidades Roma em contextos de pobreza; Intervenção/exposição = avaliações ou intervenções de saúde psicossocial de natureza diagnóstica, preventiva ou comparativa; Resultados = indicadores de saúde mental, bem-estar, estigma, discriminação e funcionamento psicossocial. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada com as checklists de avaliação crítica do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) e a certeza da evidência sintetizada segundo a abordagem GRADE. Resultados: Foram incluídos 11 estudos (cinco com amostras exclusivamente Roma; seis com amostras mistas), envolvendo 13 222 participantes Roma. A maioria apresentou delineamentos transversais, não randomizados e de natureza diagnóstica ou descritiva; apenas um foi longitudinal com componente de intervenção. Cerca de 90% dos estudos cumpriram ≥ 75% dos critérios JBI e a certeza da evidência em saúde psicossocial foi predominantemente moderada. De forma consistente, os participantes Roma relataram pior saúde psicossocial do que os participantes de grupos maioritáriose níveis elevados de estigma internalizado e experienciado. Conclusões: Apesar de limitada, a evidência disponível é convergente ao indicar uma carga substancial de problemas de saúde psicossocial nas comunidades Roma em situação de pobreza, moldada pela desvantagem estrutural e pelo estigma. A escassez de investigação psicológica rigorosa sublinha a necessidade de estudos longitudinais, com envolvimento comunitário, e de intervenções informadas por políticas públicas orientadas para a equidade. Registo PROSPERO: CRD42023476860.

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