Meanings of violence in victims of LGBTphobic bullying: A Portuguese case study

Authors

  • Ubirajara de None Caputo Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-3817
  • Liliana Rodrigues Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação (FPCEUP), Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto (CPUP) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6900-9634
  • Conceição Nogueira Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação (FPCEUP), Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto (CPUP) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-754X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2023.9.2.304

Keywords:

Bullying, School, Homophobia, LGBT, Violence, Case Study

Abstract

Background and Objective : School bullying, characterized by recurrent and intentional aggressive behavior, disproportionately affects LGBT children and adolescents, or perceived as such. This case study explores the school bullying experience of a Portuguese LGBT youth, aiming to understand the psychosocial implications of this specific form of bullying, taking into consideration the intrasubjective perspectives of victims. Methods: An in-depth interview was conducted with a young adult who suffered LGBT-phobic bullying during adolescence. The corpus analysis was based on the theoretical-methodological approach of meaning production in discursive practices. Results: The analysis revealed a complex network of personal and psychosocial meanings, including dehumanization, inadequacy, malfeasance, and loneliness, reflecting the interaction of individual, social, cultural, historical, and institutional factors. Conclusions: This study illustrates the depth of the impact of LGBT-phobic school bullying on victims, highlighting the importance of educational policies that promote a safe and inclusive school environment. Further research is suggested to explore common patterns in bullying experiences, and the relevance of considering individual experiences in developing strategies to combat school bullying is emphasized.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Álvarez-García, D., García, T., & Núñez, J. C. (2015). Predictors of school bullying perpetration in adolescence: A systematic review. Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Youth Violence: Facts, Prevention, and Intervention, 23, 126–136. https://doi.org/f7zq9r

Blais, M., Gervais, J., & Hébert, M. (2014). Internalized homophobia as a partial mediator between homophobic bullying and self-esteem among youths of sexual minorities in Quebec (Canada). Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 19(3), 727–735. https://doi.org/ghtb6m

Borrillo, D. (2010). Homofobia: História e crítica de um preconceito. Autêntica.

Burns, S., Maycock, B., Cross, D., & Brown, G. (2008). The power of peers: Why some students bully others to conform. Qualitative Health Research, 18(12), 1704–1716. https://doi.org/b6svr4

Caputo, U. de N. (2018). Geni e os direitos humanos: Um retrato da violência contra pessoas trans no Brasil do século XXI [Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de São Paulo]. Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of USP. https://bit.ly/427SRk7

Chauí, M. (2017). Sobre a violência. Autêntica.

Cornell, D. G., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2010). The assessment of bullying. Em S. R. Jimerson, S. M. Swearer, & D. L. Espelage (Eds.), Handbook of bullying in schools: An international perspective (p. 265–276). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.

D’Augelli, A. R., Pilkington, N. W., & Hershberger, S. L. (2002). Incidence and mental health impact of sexual orientation victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths in high school. School Psychology Quarterly, 17(2), 148–167. https://doi.org/cfg5jk

Eslea, M., & Rees, J. (2001). At what age are children most likely to be bullied at school? Aggressive Behavior, 27(6), 419–429. https://doi.org/d9c866

Espelage, D. L., & Holt, M. K. (2013). Suicidal ideation and school bullying experiences after controlling for depression and delinquency. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S27–S31. https://doi.org/gd4rf2

Espelage, D. L., Hong, J. S., Merrin, G. J., Davis, J. P., Rose, C. A., & Little, T. D. (2018). A longitudinal examination of homophobic name-calling in middle school: Bullying, traditional masculinity, and sexual harassment as predictors. Psychology of Violence, 8(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/gctzdt

Espelage, D. L., & Swearer, S. M. (Eds.). (2010). A social-ecological model for bullying prevention and intervention: Understanding the impact of adults in the social ecology of youngsters. Em S. R. Jimerson, S. M. Swearer, & D. L. Espelage (Eds.), Handbook of bullying in schools: An international perspective (pp. 61–72). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/k4vf

Espelage, D. L., Valido, A., Hatchel, T., Ingram, K. M., Huang, Y., & Torgal, C. (2019). A literature review of protective factors associated with homophobic bullying and its consequences among children & adolescents. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 98–110. https://doi.org/gg9g43

Fernandes, T., Alves, B., Ioverno, S., & Gato, J. (2023). Somewhere under the rainbow: LGBTQ youth and school climate in Portugal. Portuguese Journal of Social Science, 20(3), 203–218. https://doi.org/k2bc

Fetner, T., & Elafros, A. (2016). The GSA difference: LGBTQ and ally experiences in high schools with and without gay-straight alliances. Social Sciences, 4(3), 563–581. https://doi.org/gddxtj

Fry, D., Fang, X., Elliott, S., Casey, T., Zheng, X., Li, J., Florian, L., & McCluskey, G. (2018). The relationships between violence in childhood and educational outcomes: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 75, 6–28. https://doi.org/gc3m6n

Henderson, E. R., Sang, J. M., Louth-Marquez, W., Egan, J. E., Espelage, D., Friedman, M., & Coulter, R. W. S. (2022). “Words aren’t supposed to hurt, but they do”: Sexual and gender minority youth’s bullying experiences. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(11–12), 1–20. https://doi.org/k2bf

Hong, J. S., & Garbarino, J. (2012). Risk and protective factors for homophobic bullying in schools: An application of the social-ecological framework. Educational Psychology Review, 24, 271–285. https://doi.org/gmf49g

Huuki, T., Manninen, S., & Sunnari, V. (2010). Humour as a resource and strategy for boys to gain status in the field of informal school. Gender and Education, 22(4), 369–383. https://doi.org/ds53g6

Hymel, S., & Swearer, S. M. (2015). Four decades of research on school bullying. American Psychologist, 70(4), 293–299. https://doi.org/f7bhcp

Kosciw, J. G., Clark, C. M., Truong, N. L., & Zongrone, A. D. (2020). The 2019 national school climate survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth in our nation’s schools. A Report from GLSEN (p. 220). Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN). https://bit.ly/3suOWSO

Magalhães, M., Cameira, M., Rodrigues, L., & Nogueira, C. (2019). Cyberbullying e comunicação de teor homofóbico na adolescência: Estudo exploratório das suas relações. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, 23, Artigo e195825. https://doi.org/gqqcjx

Marraccini, M. E., Ingram, K. M., Naser, S. C., Grapin, S. L., Toole, E. N., O’Neill, J. C., Chin, A. J., Martinez Jr, R. R., & Griffin, D. (2022). The roles of school in supporting LGBTQ+ youth: A systematic review and ecological framework for understanding risk for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. Journal of School Psychology, 91, 27–49. https://doi.org/gn28j6

Marx, R., & Kettrey, H. (2016). Gay-straight alliances are associated with lower levels of school-based victimization of LGBTQ+ youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(7), 1269–1282. http://bit.ly/46G43HR

Monks, C. P., & Smith, P. K. (2006). Definitions of bullying: Age differences in understanding of the term, and the role of experience. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24(4), 801–821. https://doi.org/dx66fj

Moyano, N., & Sánchez-Fuentes, M. D. M. (2020). Homophobic bullying at schools: A systematic review of research, prevalence, school-related predictors and consequences. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 53, Article 101441. https://doi.org/gmwn7w

Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do understanding children’s worlds. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Olweus, D. (2013). School bullying: Development and some important challenges. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 751–780. https://doi.org/gfs3w8

Rodrigues, L., Grave, R., de Oliveira, J. M., & Nogueira, C. (2016). Study on homophobic bullying in Portugal using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 48(3), 191–200. https://doi.org/ghtj4d

Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1996). Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior, 22(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/bsg7k8

Smith, P. K. (2016). Bullying: Definition, types, causes, consequences and intervention. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10(9), 519–532. https://doi.org/dpsm

Spink, M. J. (Org.). (2013). Práticas discursivas e produção de sentidos no cotidiano: Aproximações teóricas e metodológicas. Centro Edelstein de Pesquisas Sociais.

The 2015 National School Climate Survey. (2016). Gay, lesbian, and straight education network. https://bit.ly/3ovOIZB

Thornberg, R. (2010). Schoolchildren’s social representations on bullying causes. Psychology in the Schools, 47(4), 311–327. https://doi.org/dpsz9j

Thornberg, R. (2011). ‘She’s weird!’—The social construction of bullying in school: A review of qualitative research. Children & Society, 25(4), 258–267. https://doi.org/csfngw

Tokunaga, R. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 277–287. https://doi.org/bfkwwd

Toomey, R., Ryan, C., Diaz, R., & Russell, S. (2011). High school Gay–Straight Alliances (GSAs) and young adult well-being: An examination of GSA presence, participation, and perceived effectiveness. Applied Developmental Science, 15(4), 175–185. https://doi.org/dqgj7v

Unesco. (2013). Respostas do setor de educação ao bullying homofóbico. https://bit.ly/3IFRxyd

Unesco. (2019). Violência escolar e bullying: Relatório sobre a situação mundial. https://bit.ly/3OGPqOl

Published

2023-11-24

How to Cite

de None Caputo, U., Rodrigues, L., & Nogueira, C. (2023). Meanings of violence in victims of LGBTphobic bullying: A Portuguese case study. Portuguese Journal of Behavioral and Social Research, 9(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2023.9.2.304

Issue

Section

Original Paper

Funding data