Necessidades de autogestão após AVC: perspetivas de pessoas com AVC e cuidadores informais: Compreensão das necessidades de autogestão após AVC

Daniel de Carvalho; Mara Matos; José Calheiros; Carla Pereira

doi:10.31211/rpics.2025.11.2.365

Autores

Daniel Conde de Carvalho Unidade Local de Saúde do Litoral Alentejano https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7518-2924
Mara Matos Instituto Politecnico de Setubal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0405-2401
José Manuel Calheiros Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2724-0675
Carla Mendes Pereira Instituto Politecnico de Setubal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-9640

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2025.11.2.365

Palavras-chave:

Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Autogestão, Cuidadores Informais, Literacia em Saúde, Estudo Qualitativo

Resumo

Contexto: Em Portugal, o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) constitui a principal causa de morte e incapacidade, estimando-se um aumento de 20% no número de pessoas a viver com sequelas até 2035. Estudos indicam que tanto as pessoas com AVC como os/as cuidadores/as informais relatam sentir-se abandonados após alta hospitalar, com risco agravado de readmissão. Objetivo: Compreender as necessidades de autogestão das pessoas com AVC e dos/as cuidadores/as informais e explorar a perspetiva dos profissionais de saúde sobre estratégias facilitadoras ao longo do processo de reabilitação. Métodos: Adotou-se um delineamento qualitativo e multiperspetivo, com entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais a 23 participantes (7 pessoas com AVC, 7 cuidadores/as e 9 profissionais), após aprovação ética pela Unidade Local de Saúde do Litoral Alentejano. Os dados foram submetidos a análise temática reflexiva, com suporte do software NVivo 11. Resultados: Emergiram dois temas: "O novo eu" e "Como assumir o controlo", que traduzem a necessidade de adaptação das pessoas com AVC e dos cuidadores às mudanças decorrentes do AVC. A literacia em saúde e o empoderamento foram considerados cruciais para uma autogestão eficaz, contribuindo para melhorar a qualidade de vida e reduzir a dependência dos/as profissionais de saúde. Conclusões: A autogestão após o AVC requer abordagens personalizadas e integradas que envolvam ativamente as pessoas com AVC e cuidadores. Os resultados sustentam o desenvolvimento de programas híbridos de autogestão, com aplicabilidade clínica, relevância para a formulação de políticas públicas e potencial de adaptação a outras condições crónicas, no sentido de promover maior autonomia e continuidade de cuidados na comunidade.

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