Reabilitação Neuropsicológica Grupal de idosos institucionalizados com Défice Cognitivo sem Demência

Autores

  • Giseli Fabiana Silva Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-4607
  • Helena Maria Espírito Santo Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-3754
  • Marina Fernandes Costa Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-720X
  • Diana Catarina Marques Cardoso Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
  • Filomena Vicente Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
  • Sónia do Carmo Martins Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
  • Laura Lemos Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9624-8312

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7342/ismt.rpics.2015.1.2.21

Palavras-chave:

Défice cognitivo sem demência, Reabilitação neuropsicológica grupal, Depressão, Solidão

Resumo

Contexto: O envelhecimento caracteriza-se frequentemente por alterações cognitivas que, por vezes, excedem o esperado para o envelhecimento normal. Estas alterações que não reúnem critérios de demência constituem o Défice Cognitivo sem Demência (DCSD) que, independente da etiologia, apresenta alta taxa de conversão para a demência. Objetivos: Investigar o efeito de um Programa de Reabilitação Neuropsicológica Grupal (PRNG) no funcionamento cognitivo, executivo e emocional de idosos institucionalizados com DCSD. Métodos: A amostra incluiu 24 idosos institucionalizados com DCSD, com idades entre os 67 e 92 anos. Doze idosos foram submetidos ao PRNG e doze idosos ficaram em lista de espera. O estudo teve um desenho quasi-experimental e cego na reavaliação. O PRNG decorreu em 10 sessões de 90 minutos cada, uma vez por semana. Avaliou-se pré e pós-intervenção através da Avaliação Cognitiva de Montreal, da Avaliação Breve do Estado Mental, da Bateria de Avaliação Frontal, da Escala da Depressão Geriátrica e da Escala da Solidão. Resultados: As ANCOVAs mostraram um efeito relevante do PRNG na melhoria do funcionamento executivo (ƞ2 = 0,26) e dos sentimentos de solidão (ƞ2 = 0,77), ambos com diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) na comparação entre o antes e depois da implementação do PRNG. No funcionamento cognitivo e na sintomatologia depressiva foi manifesto o agravamento no grupo de comparação (p < 0,05), sugerindo que o PRNG impede esse agravamento, mas a ANCOVA só foi significativa para o funcionamento cognitivo (ɳ2 = 0,26). Conclusão: O PRNG aplicado em idosos institucionalizados com DCSD oferece resultados promissores e evidencia eficácia na melhoria do funcionamento executivo e dos sentimentos de solidão. Impõe-se a replicação em amostras maiores e mais diversificadas e o estudo da generalização e manutenção dos resultados a longo prazo.

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30-09-2015

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Silva, G. F., Espírito Santo, H. M., Costa, M. F., Cardoso, D. C. M., Vicente, F., Martins, S. do C., & Lemos, L. (2015). Reabilitação Neuropsicológica Grupal de idosos institucionalizados com Défice Cognitivo sem Demência. Revista Portuguesa De Investigação Comportamental E Social, 1(2), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.7342/ismt.rpics.2015.1.2.21

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