Qualidade subjetiva do sono, sintomas depressivos, sentimentos de solidão e institucionalização em pessoas idosas

Mariana Napoleão; Bárbara Monteiro; Helena Espirito-Santo

doi:10.7342/ismt.rpics.2016.2.2.37

Authors

Mariana Napoleão Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
Bárbara Monteiro Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4706-1914
Helena Espirito-Santo Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Psicossocial of Instituto Superior Miguel Torga (CCIPSO-ISMT); Centro de Investigação em Neuropsicologia e Intervenção Cognitiva e Comportamental (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-3754

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7342/ismt.rpics.2016.2.2.37

Keywords:

Elderly, Sleep, Depression, Loneliness, Institutionalization

Abstract

Aims: The main objectives of this investigation were to describe the subjective quality of sleep and sleep disorders and analyze the intensity of depressive and loneliness symptoms in institutionalized elderly people; compare these data against a non-institutionalized elderly people subsample and analyze the relationship between these variables in both subsamples. Method: This study is part of Trajectories of Elderly Aging in Social Response Project from which a sample of one hundred and forty elderly people with no cognitive impairment was taken, with 70 institutionalized and 70 non-institutionalized matched by age, sex, education, and marital status. The average age was 76.58 (SD = 6.10), including 104 women and 36 men. The tools used for this analysis were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Questionnaire About Sleep in the Older Adults, Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Loneliness Scale of the University of California, Los Angeles. Results: The study confirmed that institutionalized elderly people had more feelings of loneliness than those non-institutionalized. However, there were no differences between the two subsamples regarding depressive symptoms and the subjective sleep quality or sleep disturbances, with some exceptions: Elderly people living in the community showed to have the perception of taking more time to fall asleep, waking up earlier, and having more nightmares. Through a correlational analysis it was found, in both subsamples, that the worse the subjective sleep quality the more depressive symptoms were observed; and the more depressive symptoms, the more feelings of loneliness, despite not existing relation between sleep and loneliness. Conclusions: We concluded that institutionalization is linked to more feelings of loneliness but not to depressive symptoms nor to worse quality of sleep. For this reason, it is suggested that intervention programs are developed with a focus on elderly institutionalized populations.

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