Memória e envelhecimento: Qual o real impacto da idade?

Helena Espirito-Santo; Inês Torres Pena; Inês Queiroz Garcia; Catarina Freitas Pires; Margarida Couto; Fernanda Daniel

doi:10.7342/ismt.rpics.2016.2.2.40

Autores

Helena Espirito-Santo Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Psicossocial do Instituto Superior Miguel Torga (CCIPSO-ISMT); Centro de Investigação em Neuropsicologia e Intervenção Cognitiva e Comportamental (CINEICC), Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-3754
Inês Torres Pena Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
Inês Queiroz Garcia Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
Catarina Freitas Pires Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-181X
Margarida Couto Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-181X
Fernanda Daniel Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Psicossocial do Instituto Superior Miguel Torga (CCIPSO-ISMT); Centro de Estudos e Investigação em Saúde da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-1123

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7342/ismt.rpics.2016.2.2.40

Palavras-chave:

Envelhecimento, Memória, Institucionalização, Características sociodemográficas

Resumo

Contexto e Objetivos: O défice mnésico é uma das alterações cognitivas que mais afeta as pessoas idosas. A idade é considerada um dos fatores de relevo nas alterações de memória, inclusivamente pelas próprias pessoas idosas. A investigação tem mostrado que existem outros fatores além da idade que afetam a memória das pessoas idosas. Contudo, fica por esclarecer qual o real papel da idade sobre a memória quando é controlada a influência de outras variáveis. Assim, o presente estudo pretende analisar o impacto da idade no funcionamento mnésico de pessoas idosas e verificar se, ao controlar o papel de outras variáveis (sexo, escolaridade, profissão, situação civil, situação residencial e situação clínica), esse potencial impacto se mantém. Métodos: A amostra global foi constituída por 1126 participantes (283 homens e 843 mulheres; 226 residentes na comunidade e 900 em resposta social dirigida à população idosa) com idades compreendidas entre os 60 e os 100 anos. A avaliação foi realizada com recurso aos itens do Mini-Mental State Examination (memória de trabalho), o fator do Montreal Cognitive Assessment (memória declarativa verbal) e Figura Complexa de Rey-Osterrieth (memória visuoespacial). Resultados: Globalmente, a idade, escolaridade, profissão, situação civil, residencial e clínica influenciaram a memória de forma diferenciada consoante o tipo de memória. As análises de regressão hierárquica mostraram que a idade é um fator preditivo em todos os tipos de memória. Emergiram ainda outros fatores preditivos com coeficientes de regressão superiores à idade conforme o tipo de memória (exceto na memória de trabalho). Conclusões: A idade, a escolaridade e a profissão influenciam a memória, assim como os fatores que potencialmente estimulam cognitiva e socialmente (como ter um companheiro e residir na comunidade). Os resultados apontam para a importância de intervir em pessoas em respostas sociais, mais idosas, sem companheiro, com baixa escolaridade e profissão manual.

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