O impacto das experiências emocionais positivas precoces e das competências autocompassivas na sintomatologia depressiva: O papel mediador de diferentes processos de regulação emocional

Maria João Varela; Cláudia Ferreira

doi:10.31211/rpics.2019.5.1.101

Autores

Maria João Varela Centro de Investigação em Neuropsicologia e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental, Coimbra, Portugal http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-0209
Cláudia Ferreira Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental, Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-9606

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2019.5.1.101

Palavras-chave:

Competências autocompassivas, Evitamento experiencial, Experiências precoces, Ligação ao outro, Sintomatologia depressiva

Resumo

Contexto: A literatura tem documentado que as experiências emocionais precoces e as competências autocompassivas desempenham um papel central na regulação emocional adaptativa e na saúde mental. Adicionalmente, crescente evidência suporta que diferentes processos de regulação emocional exercem um papel mediador significativo na relação entre experiências emocionais e sintomatologia depressiva. Métodos e Objetivo: Este estudo foi conduzido numa amostra da população geral constituída por 389 participantes, com idades entre os 18 e os 50 anos (M = 31,84; DP = 10,97). Os participantes completaram um protocolo de medidas de autorresposta que avalia memórias precoces de calor e segurança, autocompaixão, proximidade e conexão aos outros, evitamento experiencial e sintomatologia depressiva. O estudo examinou um modelo integrador no qual foi colocado como hipótese que a relação entre memórias afiliativas positivas e sintomatologia depressiva é mediada pela proximidade e conexão aos outros e o evitamento experiencial. Resultados: Os resultados confirmaram a adequabilidade do modelo testado, o qual explica 34% da variância da sintomatologia depressiva. Os resultados revelaram que experiências precoces de calor, afeto e segurança e as competências autocompassivas se associam a menores níveis de sintomatologia depressiva, através de níveis superiores de sentimentos de segurança e proximidade ao outro e menor adoção de estratégias de evitamento experiencial. Conclusões: Este estudo contribui para a clarificação do impacto das vivências emocionais precoces e das competências autocompassivas na saúde mental. Os dados sublinham a importância das competências sociais e afiliativas e de aceitação, enquanto mecanismos mediadores na explicação da saúde mental.

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