Understanding the omnivore, vegetarian, vegan, and paleo dietary patterns: How they differ in disordered eating indicators

Maria Coimbra; Cláudia Ferreira

doi:10.31211/rpics.2021.7.1.205

Autores

Maria Coimbra Universidade Coimbra, CINEICC – Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-222X
Cláudia Ferreira Universidade de Coimbra, CINEICC – Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-9606

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2021.7.1.205

Palavras-chave:

Padrão alimentar, Comportamentos alimentares perturbados, Comportamentos de compulsão alimentar, Comportamentos ortoréticos, Dieta Paleo, Estudo transversal descritivo

Resumo

Contexto e Objetivo: Comportamentos alimentares perturbados são um espectro de comportamentos alimentares inadequados que afetam uma proporção substancial da sociedade atual, tendo sido estudados quanto à sua relação com diferentes padrões alimentares. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar melhor os padrões alimentares omnívoro, vegano, vegetariano e paleolítico (paleo), explorando as diferenças entre estes padrões alimentares relativamente aos indicadores de perturbação alimentar, dados sociodemográficos, motivo de escolha de padrão alimentar e perceção de nível de saúde. Métodos: Todos os dados foram recolhidos online, compreendendo uma amostra de 447 [onívoros (n = 281), vegetarianos (n = 61), veganos (n = 50) e paleo (n = 55)] mulheres da população geral portuguesa. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que os padrões alimentares diferiram quanto ao motivo de escolha (omnívoros: “Hábito familiar”; vegetarianos e veganos: “Ético / Moral”; paleo: “Controle de peso / forma”) e quanto ao nível de saúde autoavaliado do seu padrão alimentar, com as dietas vegana e paleo revelando os valores mais elevados. Por fim, os grupos diferiram significativamente em relação aos comportamentos alimentares perturbados, de compulsão alimentar e ortoréticos, com o grupo paleo apresentando os valores mais elevados, na generalidade. Conclusões: Este estudo destaca a importância de explorar o padrão alimentar do indivíduo, incluindo o motivo de escolha, no campo da psicopatologia alimentar, colocando ênfase na dieta paleo enquanto fator de risco. Isso significa que diretrizes clínicas de prevenção e intervenção devem ser desenvolvidas para indivíduos com este padrão alimentar.

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