Memórias das mensagens alimentares precoces transmitidas pelos cuidadores e comportamentos de ingestão alimentar compulsiva em adultos da população geral portuguesa: Estudo do papel da apreciação da imagem corporal

Sara Oliveira; Cláudia Ferreira

doi:10.31211/rpics.2018.4.2.82

Autores

Sara Oliveira Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-918X
Cláudia Ferreira Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-9606

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2018.4.2.82

Palavras-chave:

Análise confirmatória, Apreciação corporal, Invariância por género, Mensagens alimentares transmitidas pelos cuidadores, Sintomatologia de compulsão alimentar, Estudo exploratório

Resumo

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar o efeito mediador da apreciação da imagem corporal na associação entre memórias de mensagens alimentares transmitidas pelos cuidadores durante a infância e adolescência e a adoção de comportamentos de compulsão alimentar na adultez. Método: Participaram neste estudo 246 mulheres e 133 homens da população geral que completaram numa plataforma online medidas de autorrelato para avaliar memórias de mensagens alimentares transmitidas pelos cuidadores, a apreciação da imagem corporal e sintomatologia de compulsão alimentar. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram associações negativas entre a recordação de mensagens alimentares precoces do tipo restritivo e crítico e a apreciação da imagem corporal e entre a apreciação da imagem corporal e a sintomatologia de ingestão alimentar compulsiva. Os resultados da análise de vias revelaram uma associação positiva entre mensagens parentais do tipo restritivo e crítico em relação à alimentação durante a infância e adolescência e a sintomatologia de compulsão alimentar, sendo esta relação parcialmente mediada pela apreciação da imagem corporal,que explicou 35% da variância da sintomatologia de compulsão alimentar, não revelando diferenças significativas entre o sexo masculino e feminino. Conclusões: Este estudo parece ter importantes implicações clínicas, demonstrando que a transmissão precoce de mensagens alimentares de controlo por parte dos cuidadores está associada a uma menor tendência dos indivíduos para adotar, posteriormente, atitudes positivas relativamente à imagem corporal e, consequentemente, mais comportamentos alimentares perturbados, como a compulsão alimentar. Estes resultados sublinham a importância de desenvolver programas para pais/cuidadores focados no desenvolvimento de estratégias adaptativas para regular o comportamento alimentar das crianças.

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