Correlatos psicológicos de cuidadores formais de pessoas com deficiência mental: amostra portuguesa

Luís Martins; Marina Cunha; Daniela Guerreiro; Mariana Marques

doi:10.7342/ismt.rpics.2015.1.1.13

Autores

Luís Martins Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
Marina Cunha Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-1903
Daniela Guerreiro Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8333-7711
Mariana Marques Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7856-280X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7342/ismt.rpics.2015.1.1.13

Palavras-chave:

Profissionais, Deficiência mental, Portugal, Correlatos psicológicos, Estudo de levantamento descritivo

Resumo

Objetivos: O trabalho diário com pessoas portadoras de deficiência mental é extremamente exigente do ponto de vista físico e psicológico. Este estudo pretende caraterizar trabalhadores diversos de instituições que prestam cuidados a pessoas com deficiência mental quanto à sua vulnerabilidade ao stress, tipo de personalidade, estratégias de coping e sintomas psicopatológicos e explorar associações entre essas variáveis e algumas variáveis sociodemográficas/profissionais. Métodos: 68 trabalhadores de instituições que recebem pessoas com deficiência mental, entre os 19 e os 62 anos (M = 36,28; DP = 11,65), responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, ao 23-Questionário de Vulnerabilidade ao Stress (23-QVS), ao Inventário de Personalidade de Eysenck-12 (IPE-12), ao Brief-Cope e ao Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI). Resultados: Nesta amostra de trabalhadores, níveis maiores de vulnerabilidade ao stresse associaram-se a níveis mais elevados de neuroticismo e de sintomatologia psicopatológica. As mulheres apresentaram maiores níveis de somatização, os profissionais mais novos e com menor grau de escolaridade mostraram ser mais vulneráveis ao stresse. O excesso de horas de trabalho associou-se à vulnerabilidade ao stresse e à sintomatologia psicopatológica. Conclusões: Este estudo confirma que os trabalhadores de instituições que recebem pessoas com deficiência mental apresentam níveis elevados de vulnerabilidade ao stresse e risco de sofrer de sintomatologia psicopatológica. É urgente implementar medidas de intervenção (preventivas ou terapêuticas) no sentido de aliviar o stresse destes cuidadores, melhorando a sua saúde mental. Parece que os trabalhadores com níveis mais elevados de neuroticismo poderão beneficiar mais destas intervenções.

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