Uma abordagem longitudinal da contribuição do trauma e da vergonha nos sintomas depressivos em adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2018.4.2.62Palavras-chave:
Depressão, Adolescentes, Acontecimentos traumáticos, Sentimentos de vergonha, Estudo longitudinalResumo
Contexto: A revisão da literatura sobre potenciais fatores preditores dos sintomas depressivos em adolescentes tem mostrado que asexperiências traumáticas durante a infância, as experiências de vergonha e o género têm um contributo relevante. Objetivo: Pretende-se com o presente estudoobservar a variabilidade intraindividual da vergonha, acontecimentos traumáticos e género e testar o poder preditivo destas variáveis a 6 meses na evolução de sintomas depressivos (variável dependente) em adolescentes. Método: A amostra foi constituída por 325 adolescentes, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos, distribuídos pela zona centro de Portugal e a frequentar o 3.º ciclo do ensino básico e ensino secundário. Foram utilizados o Inventário de Depressão para Crianças, a Escala Breve de vergonha e o Questionário de Trauma na Infância para a avaliação das variáveis referidas. Os resultados longitudinais foram analisados através de uma análise de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Verificou-se uma associação positiva entre experiências relatadas como traumáticas e as perceções de vergonha (T1) e os sintomas depressivos (T2, após 6 meses). O modelo de regressão linear múltipla explicou 63% da variância dos sintomas depressivos no T2, podendo contemplar-se que a pertença ao género feminino, a experiência de sentimentos de vergonha e de acontecimentos percebidos como abuso afetivo, abuso sexual e de negligência emocional (variáveis do trauma) permitiram predizer sintomas depressivos na adolescência. Conclusão: Dado que existe alguma evidência do impacto de acontecimentos traumáticos do tipo abuso/negligência durante a infância e de perceções de vergonha, durante a adolescência no desenvolvimento de sintomas depressivos, será pertinente que estas variáveis sejam tidas em conta, quer na avaliação, quer nas intervenções psicoterapêuticas nesta etapa do desenvolvimento humano. Este estudo contribui para salientar o papel de fatores de vulnerabilidade para os sintomas depressivos na adolescência.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2018 Marina Cunha, Rute Almeida, Sónia Cherpe, Sónia Simões, & Mariana Marques
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