Body image-related fears in adolescence: development and validation of the Anxiety and Avoidance of Situations due to Weight and Physical Appearance Scale

Authors

  • Ana Rita Silva Costa Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9256-1304
  • Marina Cunha Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenções Cognitivo-comportamentais da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-1903
  • Lara Palmeira Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenções Cognitivo-comportamentais da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-1002
  • Margarida Couto Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-181X
  • Ana Galhardo Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenções Cognitivo-comportamentais da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3484-6683

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2018.4.2.68

Keywords:

Adolescence, Avoidance Shame experiences, Victimization experiences, Body image

Abstract

Aims: The main goal was to develop and validate the Anxiety and Avoidance of Situations due to Weight and Physical Appearance Scale (AASWPAS) in a sample of adolescents. Methods: The sample comprised 357 adolescents, 195 males, and 162 females, with ages between 12 and 18 years old, attending secondary schools. Besides the AASWPAS participants also completed a sociodemographic data sheet and a set of self-reported measures that evaluate anxiety, stress and depressive symptoms, bullying experiences, and body-image shame feelings. Results: Both AASWPAS subscales (anxiety/discomfort and avoidance) revealed a two-factor structure and showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α= 0.91), good item quality, and excellent temporal stability. The subscales of the AASWPAS were significantly and positively associated with feelings of shame, victimization experiences, and psychopathological symptoms (anxiety, stress, and depression). Females showed higher levels than males in the anxiety subscale and Factor 2 (for both subscales, anxiety, and avoidance). Conclusions: The AASWPAS is a reliable and valid instrument to assess anxiety and avoidance due to physical appearance and weight during adolescence.

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References

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Lovibond, S., & Lovibond, P. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (2nd ed.). Sydney: Psychology Foundation. [Google Scholar]

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Marôco, J. (2010). Análise estatística: Com utilização do SPSS [Statistical analysis: Using SPSS]. Lisboa: Edições Sílabo. [Google Scholar]

Marta-Simões, J., & Ferreira, C. (2016). Seeking a perfect body look: Feeding the pathogenic impact of shame? Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 21(3), 477–485. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

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Mendes, A. L., Ferreira, C., & Marta-Simões, J. (2016). Experiential avoidance versus decentering abilities: The role of different emotional processes on disordered eating. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. Published online. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Menzel, J. E., Krawczyk, R., & Thompson, J. K. (2011). Attitudinal assessment of body image for adolescents and adults. In T. F. Cash & L. Smolak (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of science, practice, and prevention (pp. 154–169). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [Google Scholar]

Menzel, J. E., Schaefer, L. M., Burke, N. L., Mayhew, L. L., Brannick, M. T., & Thompson, J. K. (2010). Appearance-related teasing, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating: A meta-analysis. Body Image, 7(4), 261–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. (2005). Mental representations of attachment security: Theoretical foundations for a positive social psychology. In M. W. Baldwin (Ed.), Interpersonal cognition (pp. 233–266). New York, NY: Guilford Press. [Google Scholar]

Nanu, C., Tăut, D., & Băban, A. (2014). Why adolescents are not happy with their body image? Journal of Gender and Feminist Studies, (2), 1-20. [Google Scholar] [PDF]

Niemeier, H. M. (2003). Clinical implications of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in college women. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B-The Physical Sciences and Engineering, 65, 1035. [Google Scholar] [URL]

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Published

2018-10-01

How to Cite

Costa, A. R. S., Cunha, M., Palmeira, L., Couto, M., & Galhardo, A. (2018). Body image-related fears in adolescence: development and validation of the Anxiety and Avoidance of Situations due to Weight and Physical Appearance Scale. Portuguese Journal of Behavioral and Social Research, 4(2), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2018.4.2.68

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